We are generally happier if we make quick decisions in mundane areas of life, such as selecting items of food or furniture. Save decision-making techniques, such as these below, for times when your choice really matters.

Adopt an outside view: Be objective. Look at what others did in the same situation and what happened as a result.

Consider the opposite: Think of reasons why your initial judgment might be wrong – overoptimism is a common reason for bad decisions. This keeps you within realistic limits.

Use the Five Whys: This is good for deeper analysis. Ask why, answer the question, then ask why again, at least five more times. For example: why do I want a new job? Because this one doesn’t pay enough. Why? Because I haven’t had a pay rise. Why? Because I don’t like to ask for one, etc. So assertiveness training might actually be a better option than looking for a new job.

Rank the options: Decision-making experts use a complex technique called MAU (multi-attribute utility). Do something similar by listing all the pros, then the cons. Rank each one out of ten for importance. Add up the scores to see where your priorities are.

Use ready-made decision tools: Use web-based price-checkers and expert recommendations such as as those provided by Which? Realise your limitations and use the experts.

Adapted from Straight Choices: The Psychology of Decision Making by Benjamin Newell, David Lagnado and David Shanks, Psychology Press, £29.95

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