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A new global warming threat to the fragile marine ecosystems of Antarctica has been identified, with the discovery that an increasing number of icebergs are tearing up the sea floor and destroying any life in their way.
The shallow habitats of species such as giant sea spiders, Antarctic worms, sea urchins and corals are facing a growing risk from icebergs, according to research that shows more bergs are floating freely in coastal waters as temperatures rise.
While these near-shore ecosystems have always been pounded by icebergs, crushing the animals and plants that live there, the rate of destruction is increasing as a warmer climate shrinks the winter sea ice that would otherwise lock the bergs in, scientists said. The retreat of coastal glaciers and the collapse of floating ice shelves also mean that more bergs are being shed into the sea, adding to the likelihood of scouring.
The findings, from a team from the British Antarctic Survey (BAS), indicate that the ecological risks of climate change go farther than those posed by rising ocean temperatures.
Iceberg scour is a natural phenomenon, and while it is destructive on a local level it often adds to broader biodiversity by clearing spaces for new life to populate. Scientists, however, are concerned that a substantial increase in the rate of scouring could have unpredictable consequences, creating swaths of shallow water in which organisms with longer life-cycles cannot become established. “The whole balance of the ecosystem could be affected, with consequences that are very difficult to predict,” said Dan Smale, who led the study.
“The focus of research has all been on rising temperatures, but what has been overlooked is that it isn’t just warming of the water that changes the structure of the ecosystem. The distribution of species is likely to be just as important, and that is going to be affected by iceberg scour.”
The research, published in the journal Science , has been dedicated to Kirsty Brown, who died in 2003 while conducting fieldwork at the BAS’s Rothera Research Station on the Antarctic Peninsula. Ms Brown, 28, who drowned when she was attacked by a leopard seal while snorkling, is named posthumously as one of the authors.
The study was conducted over five years at South Cove, on the Antarctic Peninsula, where temperatures are warming more quickly than anywhere else on the planet, by half a degree celsius each decade. This has led to the collapse of part of the Wilkins Ice Shelf in March, and to the loss of seven other floating shelves over the past 30 years.
The BAS team analysed the effects of these trends on iceberg scour by placing grids of small concrete markers on the seabed, at depths of 5, 10 and 15 metres. These were checked by divers for disturbances caused by iceberg strikes.
Dr Smale said that because sea ice was predicted to shrink further under the impact of global warming, iceberg strike rate was expected to increase.
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It's not environmentalists who have established that global warming is happening, it's the hard facts measured by scientists. Loss of biodiversity, climate change, depletion of fishing stocks...most people choose not believe it because they feel it threatens their lifestyle. Wake up!
Jesus Pascual, Seville, Spain
rapid global warming over short term leads to a mini ice age this tends to happen around every 500 yrs, but this time we have 300 hundred years of pouring carbon dioxide to take into account!!
i bet those ostrich's will be the first to squeal when flooded:-)
jonathan rose, Gt Torrington, uk
Bob in Kawasaki, your arguement holds true for the South Pole where the ice is on top of land. The North Pole is one big iceberg.
Desmond Taylor, Houston, USA TX
Roger, that is precisely the ice that ISN'T going to melt. The temperature there is far too cold for that to happen. This is simply a case of hitching some research to the AGW paradigm in order to get increased funding for future research. Read Kuhn on this issue for more insight.
James Lynch, London, UK
Crai, Glasgow you mean that every climatologist that wishes to prove the existence of global warming gets a big grant while those who try to discredit the theory are left to fend for themselfs.
who are we to say what causes global warming when we are only a tiny part of earths history.
James, Dunstable , England
Even if it does "destroy" the ground.
Evolution will create different lifeforms to cope with it.
Andy, Frankfurt, Germany
ITs amazing how quickly some are prepared to put down the work of scientists who devote their lives to GW research for modest reward and litte recognition. Sure, they may be exagerating their claims, or could even be wrong. But its done in good faith and what happens if they're right?
geoff, spain,
Desmond, you should have paid more attention in science 101. Floating ice, when it melts, indeed has no effect on sea level (see Archimedes' Principle). However, glacial ice, which is land-based, certainly causes the sea level to rise when it melts, and this is what everyone is concerned about.
Roger, Swindon, UK
Every climatologist says that Global Warming is happening at an unprecedented rate and it is a direct result of our ways, yet people still choose not to believe it....they are idiots....
Crai, Glasgow,
No mention of the interior of Antarctica which has gained sufficient ice mass to balance the loss of ice from both the peninsular and the artic put together.
No mention of the cause of the peninsular ice loss - a change current
I repeat - there is no net ice loss in the north and south poles
Patrick, Manchester, UK
Oh please! Antarctica once had a lot less ice not so long ago , we can see this from the Piri Reis map of 500 years ago. I dont think they had volvo's back then either
Global warming and cooling is a natural phenomenom. Ice caps melt and grow. It's just not as big a deal as envirometalists make out.
Phill, The Wirral, England
david, New York - HeHe! Reminds me of one of the mixed metaphors my crusty old headmaster used to dole out, to which I'll add 5 characters: "You can't stick your head in the sand and watch the world go by"(e bye). Rather apt.
Bob, Kawasaki, Japan
look mum....ostriches...with their heads buried in the sand....but then I guess that ostriches are not the smartest birds.
david, New York, United States
Des Taylor - True, the volume of frozen water is greater than the liquid volume and of course, the ice below sea level has a water dispacement value. However, most of the ice is currently above sea level and does not contribute to the general sea level. When it melts, the sea level will rise.
Bob, Kawasaki, Japan
Good thing that last winter's Antarctic ice extent was the greatest since records began.
Ooops. BAS kept quiet about that one, didn't they ?
Freddy, London,
More drivel from the Eco freaks. St Al is going great guns. Here is an inconvenient truth. During the summer the ice fields usually become smaller. As ice has a larger volume than water, when it melts it actually reduces the water level. Another inconvenient truth.
Desmond Taylor, Houston, USA TX
Another hilarious "if" article from the AGW alarmists. I nearly choked on my coffee when I read it. Bravo. I suppose the BAS are about to pitch for more funding? So it goes.
James Lynch, London, UK