Richard Beeston, Foreign Editor
Get 20% off your bill at Pizza Express
The battle for Basra now raging on the streets of Iraq’s second city shows every sign of turning into a nightmare for the dwindling British forces based near by.
For months Britain has been quietly reducing its presence in Iraq with the intention of pulling out altogether. First it withdrew last September from the Basra Palace base in the city centre and moved its forces to the airport. Then it changed its tactical role to “overwatch”, a vague term for supporting the Iraqi security forces nominally in control of the port city.
The intention was to withdraw British forces from frontline duties and concentrate on training Iraqis and offering support when needed. But the problem from the outset has been the failure of the Iraqi army and police to take control of the city, a mission that British troops, with the advantage of modern equipment and training, had failed to do during their four years in southern Iraq. Instead the Shia Muslim militias — the Mahdi Army loyal to Moqtadr al-Sadr, the Badr Brigades of the Supreme Council for the Islamic Revolution in Iraq and the smaller Fadillah Party — effectively took over the streets.
The three groups were in open contest for control of the city. The battle has little to do with ideology but everything to do with economics. Basra is the hub of Iraq’s valuable oil industry and the militias are making millions by taking their cut of the exports.
The problem now facing the British is how to respond to the fast-changing situation.
Nuri al-Maliki, the Iraqi Prime Minister, who flew to Basra to take personal control, said that his forces would fight “to the end” against the militias. Unfortunately for him, the end may come sooner than he expected. The Iraqi Army contingent of 30,000 troops has failed to dislodge the Mahdi Army, there are widespread reports of defections from the police to the militias and there are clear signs that the operation could backfire badly.
British forces, who can probably cobble together an armoured battle group of a few hundred soldiers, may well be asked to intervene should the Iraqi offensive fail. If that happens, any hope of the withdrawal promised by Gordon Brown last year of another 1,500 British troops this spring will have to be shelved until Basra can be stabilised.
It may even be necessary to reinforce the British contingent with more combat troops, something that the Ministry of Defence can ill afford as it prepares for the fighting season in Afghanistan.
The only other option would be for Britain to admit finally that it has lost the fight in southern Iraq. That would mean an ignominious withdrawal and handing over control of Basra to the Americans, who grudgingly would have to take over responsibility for the south. As American officers and officials have privately made clear, much of today’s problems in Basra can be traced back to Britain’s failure to commit the forces necessary to control Basra and southern Iraq in general.
Whereas President Bush’s “surge” tactic of sending 30,000 reinforcements to central Iraq has succeeded in bringing down the level of violence in Baghdad and Anbar province, the Americans believe that the gradual withdrawal of British troops from the south has had the opposite effect, a point that Mr al-Maliki and his soldiers are discovering to their cost on the streets of Basra today.
Battle lines
March 2003 46,000 troops
Mission Topple Saddam
May 2003 18,000 troops
Mission Secure the peace
May 2004 8,600 troops
Mission Win hearts and minds
January 2007 7,000 troops
Mission Curb violence
September 2007 5,500 troops
Mission Withdraw to Basra airport for “overwatch” role
December 2007 4,500 troops
Mission Support and training for Iraqi troops
Spring 2008 Planned reduction to 2,500 troops
Source: Times archive, agencies
Industry sectors news at a glance. Interactive heatmap, video and podcast
The inside track on current trends in the charity, not for profit and social enterprise sectors
Explore your passion for food with the delights of Thai, Indian & Chinese cooking
Read our exclusive 100 Years of Fleming and Bond interactive timeline, packed with original Times articles and reviews
Everything the Business Traveller needs to know to make a better trip
Shortcuts to help you find sections and articles
05/2005
£13,500
08/2008
£109,950
2006
£10,750
Great car insurance deals online
£100k
The National Skills Academy for Social Care
London
£49,229 - £62,035 pro rata
Charity Commission
London/Liverpool/Taunton
£75k - £85k
Confidential
London
Six Figure
Rolls Royce
Midlands/Europe
From £89,950
Great Investment, River Views
$3.5 million
Also avaliable for rent
Times Online Property Search will help you find it
Amazing Far East Offers - Visit Hong Kong
from £499pp
Cruise the Islands of Hawaii - Pride of America
List your property with two leading travel websites
Great travel insurance deals online
Contact our advertising team for advertising and sponsorship in Times Online, The Times and The Sunday Times, or place your advertisement.
Times Online Services: Dating | Jobs | Property Search | Used Cars | Holidays | Births, Marriages, Deaths
News International associated websites: Globrix | Property Finder | Milkround
Copyright 2008 Times Newspapers Ltd.
This service is provided on Times Newspapers' standard Terms and Conditions. Please read our Privacy Policy.To inquire about a licence to reproduce material from Times Online, The Times or The Sunday Times, click here.This website is published by a member of the News International Group. News International Limited, 1 Virginia St, London E98 1XY, is the holding company for the News International group and is registered in England No 81701. VAT number GB 243 8054 69.
Today's problems in Basra and throughout Iraq stem from the original intent of the war, not from any failure to send enough troops or weaponry. Whenever a power decides that they have the right to invade and occupy a nation they are doomed to failure.
Ron Jacobs, Asheville , NC, USA
the Uk forces should have taken total control at the start
stopped the lootings when they started using the old fashioned way of shooting a few of them and showed they were in control
but the anti war people made that imposable
Hope they are happy now
knight, aberdeen, uk
Today's problems in Basra stem from invading Iraq in the first place.
Lester Ness, Kunming, China
seems like a list of other people's prejudices here. we haven't had a kicking, we simply haven't committed to the fight. whether you think we should be there or not, half-hearted won't work. aidan, there's enough chippy sectarianism there without adding your own unhelpfully bitter brand.
jem, london, uk
Brit army top brass never had any enthusiasm. Left wing liberal appointees. The Brits hold pointless inquests into every death, to allow media to lambaste American forces for incompetence or criminality. The poorly equipped &UK army no longer has stomach for wars. Leave it to the USA.
J Zilroy, Swindon, UK
The Western world has grown fat and lazy and no longer appreciates freedom nor the spread of it. As long Saddam was shelling out oil or money to Europe everything was cozy. Iraqis being fed into wood chippers could be overlooked as just the cost of doing business.
Melvin, Jacksonville, USA
The British just can't stop building empires and stealing other countries' resources. Oppressed the Indians, Southeast Asia, the mideast on several occasions. People just can't work together with mutual respect.
Leroy, Washington, USA
I can't avoid a smile as I watch the much vaunted british army get yet another kicking by a supposedly inferior fighting force. They have no business in Iraq. If they want to defeat war criminals, start with Whitehall and their police and army who freely committed attrocities in Northern Ireland.
Aidan Moloney, Athboy, Ireland
The only solution is not to nation build until all the behind the scences warring countries like Saudia Arabia, Iran, and Pakistan have been first brought to their knees while the west start to develop their own oil resources!
Ted Hayes, Manahawkin, USA
For centuries the legacy of the Brtish people has been great.
However, because of a self-indulgent generation weened on the largess of the government and moral equivalence and a country's where the indigenous is voluntarily turning itself into a minority to its ultimate enemies, Britain is doomed
L.J. Payne, ROCHESTER,
Of all the 46 other comments here so far, I've only seen a few giving rational opinions, rather than raving jingoistic sentiment and unnecessary hostility. Go to YouTube and watch the presentation made by Pentagon advisor Thomas Barnett at TED. Or any of his presentations.
Myles, Nr. London, England
This issue is related to why I believe the US should withdraw from NATO and count not one western European country as an ally. Either create your own military and use it, or get crushed by Islamofacists. America should stop caring about Western Europe, an actual enemy!
Jill, Tucson, US
I am very fortunate to be able to serve right here with a few members of the RAF (as I type there are three within an arms length). I couldnt expect them to be any more professional than they are. They give the same blood, sweat and tears as we American forces. They believe in the mission and they march forward. Just as we do. Once again, thank you to the coalition forces for you help. We couldnt do this without you!
Jason, Undisclosed Location,
Kidnapping of British Subjects should be front page news everywhere in the west. This, the first I have seen as media ignores inconvienient truth about reality in middle east.
Now, as then.
Anyone who doubts, read the report by Institute for Defense Analysis, IDA paper P-4287.
John R Skuce Jr
John R Skuce Jr, Mt Olive NC, USA
it never was your war, you say, but you are our ally. Tony Blair, to my knowledge, has not broken the Geneva Convention. If you have good reason to believe he has, please support your claim with evidence; otherwise it is completely ignorant to refer him to the war crimes tribunal. Curious,..
Katherine, Lynchburg, VA
"UK/US/Poland etc. have made a commitment to people in Iraq who have stepped up for Change and we cannot abandon them"
Nice coalition. Insisting "real" Iraqis are only those few that entertain your agenda is the height of tyranny.
Scott, Glasgow, Scotland
I don't recall editorial support for outright Imperial Rule of Basra by British Commanders, as the writer now seems to say was necessary. I do recall an aversion for casualties as combat for control of the city and attacks by IEDs would entail. How short and convenient some memories are.
Vincent J. Curtis, Cambridge, Canada
Going to take the counter view here and say that US influence in the ME has never been higher. The US/UK needed to support their words with actions to garnish support in the region. UK/US/Poland etc. have made a commitment to people in Iraq who have stepped up for Change and we cannot abandon them
Matt, Phoenix, USA
ok get real can we really increase our number of troops how many do you want,lets get out and stay ,out not our war,never was,commit tony blair to the war crimes tribunal
pat, solihull, uk
Sooner or later the govenments of the U.S. and Britian will realize that they are not going to 'succeed' whatever that means, and will be forced to withdraw. It will happen sooner than later for the U.S. as they will be forced by economics to withdraw at a time that will not be of their choosing. The sad thing is it will hasten the geopolitical influence of the U.S. worldwide, and it was all so unnecessary.
Bill, Baltimore, Maryland
Pull all western forces out and let them kill themselves.
Les, Northampton, Northants
Al Sadr states that he and his Mahdi Army will rise up and liberate Iraq.Where was he and his army when Saddam was in charge?
K Dodson, Stornoway , Scotland
NOT MUCH OF THIS CONTINUING PRESENCE IN IRAQ IS MAKING SENSE.
There should be so much promotion of "fear of withdrawal."
It is time to give Iraqis their nation back before too few are left to remember that most Shiite, Sunni or Kurd Iraqis described themselves as Iraqis above all else and religious or sectarian group members secondâ¦..
http://pacificgatepost.blogspot.com/2008/04/why-fear-withdrawal-from-iraq.html
PacificGatePost, N.A., U.S.
Perhaps they should retreat because they have lost,
Paulo, London, UK
The Americans blame us for not taking firm action in Basra and blame for failures can be pointed back at them too. The British have failed in Basra and allowed militias to rule. The Americans failed to take on the Sadr army years ago in Fallujah, instead accepting their ceasfire. The current situation is down to failure of all the western forces to take a firm stance and eradicate the enemy with zero negotiation. This blame is never down to the soldiers, they are doing the job asked of them. So bad mouthing the soldiers of other countries is unacceptable and those that have should pick up a rifle and try the job themselves. The failure is down to the the politicians and the generals that make poor decisions based on appeasment. Appeasment of us that they will try their hardest not to get our soldiers killed and appeasment of the enemy that they will be nice to them and arrest them rather than kill them. This is not the way to win a war. The enemy must be crushed to win a war.
David Smith, Stourbridge, UK
The Brits had the city quelled at one time. Remember the switch from helmets to berets? At some point the tide started turning and they retreated to the palace stronghold and it was out the gate from there. I'm not blaming English soldiers for that. From the blogs and articles I've read they wanted to stay and complete there mission. This is a failure of MOD and British gov't. policy. You can argue whether or not you should be there in the first place, but by God when you make the decision to go don't do it half heartedly!
Murph, Madisonville, USA/KY
Very interesting article.
I was personally shocked to see our troops forced to retreat under fire last year, a true disappointment and reflection upon the Blair legacy.
They are there they should be fighting, what would the WW2 generation think, poor show Mr Blair.
JC Spring., Birmigham, UK
Ref: Eva Ventura, Nottingham, UK.
Quote: "the British are playing the Vichy role"
Without realising what you have said, you have said it! The British are indeed playing this role - to the emerging Fourth Reich across the pond. Mind you France was conquered first - What's your excuse?
Barry Oldham, Manchester, Great Britain
World War 1 - 4 years. World War 2 - 6 years. World War on Terror (is this a World War?) - 7 years and counting. Without the same public support of the cause and commitment of human and material resources, the Iraq and Aghanistan conflicts will remain unresolved. Brings to mind the "police action" in Korea.
Doug Rhyason, Sherwood Park, Canada
Comments are for balanced opinions are they not Mr. Hall? Whilst a rant with excess amounts of capitalisation may feel good, it is exactly this form of unthinking and aggressive bias that leads to the troubles in the first place. A statement of fact is that violence has reduced following the American surge, and that violence has increased in Basra since the British step down in operations.
Unfortunately the issue of whether the Iraq war was the right decision is nigh on irrelevant, and will only have a real effect in terms of public opinion at home. I believe the soldiers are professional and trying their hardest no matter what their private opinions on the war.
What would be more interesting to discover more about Admiral Fallon's retirement from Centcom, which seems to have become silent.
Hugo, Cambridge, England
Quote: "The President finally listened to the top brass and poured in extra troops to quell the violence and it appears to have worked along with giving a few greenbacks to the sunni militias."
==============================
Boy have YOU drunk the Kool Aid (as the Americans say.
The Americans have been paying, arming, training and giving their strategic and tactical secrets to their enemies. How is this success? This is th crudest and most craven appeasement. Al Sadr's overwhelming and swift victory in Basra has shown who really has the Power in Iraq and it is NOT the USA/UK alliance.
The added humiliation of al-Maliki's trip to al-Sadr's hime city to negotiate the cease-fire merely hits home how much of a defeat the west has suffered.
Oh and some of the "cheques" the Americans have written to the Sunni's have started to bounce (metaphorically speaking) Unless the Americans start honouring their commitments soon, they will be attacked on two fronts by a large majority of Iraq.
Ken Hall, Barrow in Furness, UK
Today's problems in Basra actually stem from the fact that the whole invasion was based on a pack of lies and so the immoral forces where always doomed to failure. If you need to lie to justify war, the war is NOT just.
This is the simple reason that the Iraqi militia's will always win out. they are the Iraqi people, fighting for THEIR homeland, THEIR families, THEIR homes, THEIR country against soldiers who increasingly realise that THEIR venture is based on lies and is a doomed exersise in futility. The numbers used and the strategy and tactics are irrelevant to the overall picture. the invasion is NOT a just one and will fail accordingly.
Ken Hall, Barrow in Furness, UK
Mark in Columbus. Dont insult the British miliatary with your crude remarks, they do exactly as your brave men and women do, obey the orders of the politicians. Fotunately you have a President who is willing to stay the course however many casualties you take and their have been many. The President finally listened to the top brass and poured in extra troops to quell the violence and it appears to have worked along with giving a few greenbacks to the sunni militias. Im convinced that Al Sadar will rule Iraq one day and if the Iraqi people thought Saddam was bad wait till this fella gets his seat on the throne. They will be begging for you to invade again. God bless America and her few allies.
john, West Sussex, UK
The Brits hid in their base while the Americans were kicking butt during the surge. Now, the time has come to defeat Sadr and his Iranian backers. The Iraqi army will do it with American help. Too bad the Brits are just a bunch of wusses, but if you think Sadr is winning you're also fools.
E. O'Neal, Birmingham, U.S.
The government did the right thing in getting out of an Iraq they never should have invaded in the first place. More troops? Why? Let Bush enjoy the full measure of his folly in the last year of office and I hope the American people thank him appropriately in due course for lying them into a war that didn't need to happen. The families of over 4,000 dead US soldiers should be among those "congratulating" Bush for being so incredibly stupid and careless with respect to the lives of their loved ones. Britain is now out and that's good. Let the Iraqis decide their own fate either by standing up to petty tyranny at the hands of the militias or passively accepting it.
Steve Withers, Auckland, New Zealand
The under lying issue is one of under funding for both Iraq and Afghanistan missions by HMG. Budget reductions under Options for Change following the removal of the Iron Curtain. Were made on a set of assumptions that there would not be the out of area commitments to be fulfilled. In roll Mr. Blah and his cronies and suddenly HMG start committing to numerous out of area adventures. All this as a time when the percentage of GDP committed to the Defence budget was and is falling. The crumbs offered by HMG to cover year on year over spend of the Defence budget are plasters on a hemorrhaging situation. As the current Defence budget is £32.5Billion and there is no set aside budget to cover the £4Billion per year cost of conducting the two major operations we are engaged in. Hence the rest of the Defence infrastructure is being robbed in order to rightly maintain front line capability. It is about time HMG came clean and either put up the additional funding or bring the troops home!
Alan, Gosport, UK
'pathetic and cowardly forces' Mark Mercer, Columbus, USA
I think that you'll find that the decision to withdraw was based on policy , the British thought that simple brute force was a naive approach likely to cause more trouble and resentment in the future, and preferred to train the Iraqi troops and develop good relations locally. There is also not the same political will here for Iraq once we learnt that we were mislead into the conflict. The aim of the occupation is not to provide unneccesary cannonfodder to 'prove' the bravery of Armed Forces, it's not Hollywood. Our troops are not pathetic, man for man many people would say that they are better trained than the US Marines,and certainly in no way less up to the job, and i would bet on a British soldier any day to hold his ground if needed, our troops would actually prefer to clear an area themselves that the US forces would use air support to pound to the ground from a safe distance.
Jon Underwood, Edinburgh, Uk
The British government should be ashamed of itself for its failure to commit sufficient troops, and now it should be ashamed of itself for allowing the Americans to fill the breach on their own. The Americans have put on the mantle of responsibility and necessity; the British are playing the Vichy role.
Eve Ventura, Nottingham, UK
From 1215 it took the UK 700 years to emerge as a democracy and there was an English Civil War, numerous wars within the KIngdom and numerous overseas wars.
You can't foist democracy on a people - they have their own journey to take.
The Iraqis have to decide for themselves and it will be painful.
If the Americans want to look after Basra then let them.
We should stop treating the Iraqis as though they are from the Stone-Age and let them sort themselves out.
Ian, Melbourne, Australia
Funny how they blame the reduction in troop for the current problem when it is in fact the mere presence of all these boy-soldiers which formented the growing hatred being directed at them.
Bruno, Montreal, Canada
Infidels has never lost any of its meaning since the Crusades.
You Anglo Americans don't seem to be able to get your collective head around the idea that you invaded a sovereign country and no amount of spin will change that. With the exception of collaborators you are despised in the Arab world. If you stay you make everything worse. Move on, it's not your call anymore.
Thos O'Sullivan, chicago, Illinois
The UK should pull out and turn their AOR over to the Americans, they have no will to fight. Years of subversion have taken their toll, most british subjects wouldn't even fight to defend their own homes. Go home, get on the dole, and watch the landscape of your country change.
mike, chicago, usa
Mark in Columbus I find it laughable that you accuse the UK of "Screwing the Iraqi people" when the continuing American occupation is directly responsible for the death of hundreds of thousands of Iraqis. Also, since this bogus war was concocted by your lying politicians you're lucky anyone is there helping your butts at all!
Shaun, Halifax, Canada
Much of today's problem in the middle east are a direct result of GREED. When the US and UK pull the Israeli tapeworm out,this will all resolve itself. We can fight Israel's wars of aggression forever. In addition to going broke,people are starting to wise up.
ROBERT, San Antonio, usa/Texas
Tell me again why we are fighting Isreal's wars for them. I'm confused
ROBERT, San Antonio, usa/Texas
No Chris from Chesterfield, this is what happens when your pathetic and cowardly military fails to take the fight to the enemy. Thanks UK for 1: Screwing the Iraqi people and 2: Creating a situation where once again American Marines will have to ride to the rescue and do the job you should have done in the first place.
Mark Mercer, Columbus, USA
"Britainâs failure to commit the forces necessary to control Basra and southern Iraq in general" is simply because British "governments" have persistently sought to whittle down British military capacity. Thatcher for the sake of arbitrary reductions in funding on the pretext of forcing greater "efficiency", and subsequently as some "peace dividend" following the temporary improvements in relations with Russia and its vassal fiefdoms.
Now short-term political gimmicks are preventing us from suppressing a slide into a new world war! "Politicians"! Don't ya luv 'em? Clueless halfwits who are completely out of their depth.
John, Kent, Britain
To even talk about "winning the war" in Iraq, is to misrepresent the situation, which is a multi-faceted power struggle between a multitude of different groups.
The main division between Kurd, Shia & Sunni has been common knowledge since Gulf War 1 (although reportedly not by Bush). Each of the main divisions consists of various factions, but even these are not homogenous or fixed. As in Afghanistan, loyalties are traded as easily as arms.
Former Sunni insurgents are now on the US payroll and it was this, rather than the surge, which has led to a decrease in overall casualties. Because it doesn't have so many Sunnis attacking it, the US has decided to attack the Mahdi army (Sadr). This does seem to be a foolish move, even though US ground troops have not been committed. It will surely be seen as favouritism towards a particular Shiite faction, who ironically are much closer to the Iranian regime than the Sadrists.
Chris, chesterfield, uk
The triumphant statements of the Brown visit to Iraq just before the bottled election should be recalled. If he's as wrong about the British economy as he was about the situation in Basra, we might find living in Iraq preferable to living here.
tim holden, budleigh salterton,
ALL of Basra's problems can be traced back to the moronic decision to invade in the first place. We are not and never will be the cure, we're the disease.
graham, London, UK
How can Britain withdraw its troops now after creating the horrible mess in Basra over the false pretext of WMDs? Basra was stable under Saddam. Look at the situation there now.
The only honorable way to save face is for Britain to send in a "surge" of an extra 30 000 troops.
If it worked in Bagdad, it should work here as well, if we can call Bagdad a success.
SM Hussain, Hyderabad, India
the man who put us in this position ( tony blair) as escaped out the back door all our dead soldier should give him nightmares let him come back and sort is mess out
stuwheeley, worc's, uk
Lets face it. There was a meeting which went something like this:- UKGOV what do you need to make this go quiet? Defence chiefs more troops . . oh and by the way lots more standard issue equipment now! UKGOV ok you got it!. Defence chiefs Thanks my men will now be safe. UKTreasury. cut backs, trim budgets, more cut backs, the boss said pay no attention to what the PM is doing!
And so here we are.
Andy, London,
The failure of the American invasion of Iraq makes America vulnerable to many such repeated attacks in the years ahead.
Joel Welty, Blanchard, Michigan, USA
Britain isn't defending her home territory against an increasingly aggressive Islamic insugency -- why should she be expected to fight fascism in Iraq!?
john shaefer, Hollywood, USA
Right, Lads! Let's pack up our kit. Retreat to the Embassay compound. Evacuate the women, children, and dependants from the roof by helicopter to carriers awaiting off shore. No Vietnamese...OOPS! Wrong war.
England expects. Indeed.
Liam Ronan, Harrisburg, PA/USA
On no account should the lives of British troops be put at risk by intervening in a scrap between Shia factions. This seems to be about crippling the Sadr election hopes, rather than expelling militias, because the Badr corps are fighting with the so-called Iraqi army.
This is the kind of mess that happens when you get into unnecessary wars.
Chris, chesterfield, uk